The flooding is a very dangerous situation when the water occupies all the inhabited land. The following essay discusses the flood, its causes, impacts and the ways how avoid flooding.
The essay is in simple language and very helpful for children & students of primary, high school and college level students.
Essay on Flood; Causes, Effects & How to Avoid Flooding
The earth is our planet. The dry land is the important source of survival. when there is plenty of water inundating dry land in large amount, or excessive amount of water covering dry part of land is called flood.
Floods are mostly caused in monsoon season when level of water in water bodies increases. Which breach onto dry land. It is a natural calamity which cause vast damage in both rural and urban areas.
Causes & effects of floods
The main cause of flooding is heavy rains. Due to excessive rainfall near coastal areas the amount of water in rivers increases which overflow on dry land and people living near to rivers lose their houses and crops.
Sometimes earthquakes cause tsunami in oceans which cause mass level of destruction and flood on dry land.
Deforestation is also a cause of flooding.
The absence of trees on the surface of dry land makes floods more worse and damages crops. The level of salinity rises in fertile lands and turns arable land into infertile lands.
The melting of snow and ice in arctic and pacific regions also cause floods. The rise in sea level also results in flooding. As the world is facing global warming, due to climate change and global warming, the frozen snow and ice is melts.
Due to melting excessive water reaches into rivers and seas which overflows and cause high level of destruction in near by areas. The increase in atmospheric temperature melts glaciers and ice caps increase water level in seas which mostly cause floods.
The poor drainage system is considered main cause of floods. In most of the big cities of the world, where there is congested population there the drainage system is very poor which do not drain rain water properly, it also result in flooding.
Flood is devastating natural disaster which not only affect our environment and infrastructure but destroys food and shelter of thousands of living organisms and makes people homeless and result in scarcity of food.
When there is flood half of the crops cultivated during monsoon season are lost and makes fertile land barren for long period of time.
It becomes very difficult to grow crops in the presence of large amount of water on dry land. Thus dry and fertile land become infertile. The erosion of soil is also a big damage caused during floods.
The cattle also get affected due to floods. Many animals die and become homeless. Thousands of men also lose their precious lives in heavy floods. In addition to it, the communication and transportation of world is badly affected due to floods.
The impure and dirty water of cities reaches into pure water bodies and contaminate pure water. Many water borne diseases are caused due to polluted water.
Loss of drinking water makes lives of thousands miserable. Apart from it many diseases like malaria and dengue are caused by mosquitoes because mosquitoes thrive and reproduce more in water.
Ways to avoid flooding
The most effective way to stop flooding is to build good drainage system. There is also need of establishing effective weather forecasting system to help evacuate flood prone areas. It will help control the financial and loss of lives and help reduce level of destruction.
Plantation and healthy nature can help reduce the risk and destruction of floods. Presence or trees can help stop direct floods. Government must take action and stop encroachment of river beds.
The natural course of rivers is affected more which results in floods. There is need of creating water storing areas like dams, ponds and lakes. Water reservoirs are necessary to store excessive water of rivers and seas.
Conclusion
Floods are natural calamities, mostly caused by heavy rains, global warming and earthquakes which destroys crops, homes and cause diseases.
The increasing temperature of earth is a signal to incoming floods. Let’s plant trees and stop global warming to help prevent the risk of floods.